毛细管柱气相色谱法测定水中12种硝基苯类化合物

采用液液萃取-毛细管柱气相色谱法测定水中硝基苯、硝基氯苯（间硝基氮苯、对硝基氯苯、邻硝基氯苯）、二硝基苯（对二硝基苯、间二硝基苯、邻二硝基苯）、2,5-二硝基甲苯、2,4-二硝基甲苯、2,4-二硝基氯苯、3,4-二硝基甲苯、2,4,6-三硝基甲苯12种硝基苯类化合物,萃取液经净化（或浓缩）后进行色谱分析,用带电子捕获检测器的气相色谱仪测定,保留时间定性,外标法定量,定性定量准确,线性相关性强,干扰小。12种硝基苯类化合物的方法检出限为0．001～0．064μg／L,平均加标回收率在90．0％～104％之间,RSD在2．5％～6．4％之间。     

北京某小学室内外VOC浓度及有毒害物种识别

采用美国EPA推荐的TO14/15方法定量分析了北京市某小学室内外夏季观测的空气样品,得到82种挥发性有机物（VOCs）的浓度水平及组成特征,对其中可能危害儿童健康的有毒有害物质进行了识别.结果表明,室内总VOCs浓度高于室外,烷烃是含量最丰富物种,平均占室内外空气中定量VOCs总浓度的32.8%.室内外VOCs组成相似,异戊烷、苯、甲苯、丙醛、丙烯和二氯甲烷为浓度优势物种,受到室外源的影响较大,室内的对二氯苯、环己烷及间二氯苯较为特征,前2种物质室内/室外浓度比例平均值分别为65.8和10.5,间二氯苯室内平均浓度为2.02×10^-9（体积分数）,而室外浓度低于检测限,这3种物质可能来自室内源. 1, 3-丁二烯、氯乙烯、苯和氯甲烷4种物质在学校室内、室外及儿童家中都超过1×10^-6的癌症风险值,平均风险值分别为1.3×10^-5、 6.4×10^-6、 5.1×10^-6和3.3×10^-6,小学室外、室内及儿童家中的累积癌症风险超过1×10^-6的癌症风险值24～39倍.丙烯醛未确认具有致癌性,但具有毒有害性,在室内外及儿童家中超过基准浓度13～72倍.     

装饰材料中挥发性有机物检测技术的研究进展

文章对装饰材料释放挥发性有机物(VOCs)的新型检测技术的研究进行了综述,介绍了有代表性的VOCs前处理捕集技术和VOCs检测技术的研究成果.根据VOCs捕集与进样技术的操作过程,VOCs前处理捕集技术可分为静态前处理过程和动态前处理过程,前者主要有静态顶空进样法和顶空-固相微萃取法,后者主要包括吹扫捕集法、环境测试舱...     

顶空气质联机测定水中挥发性有机物的方法研究

本文优化了用顶空-气质联机法测定水中挥发性有机物的实验条件,为今后的相关工作做一些准备。     

北京市某家具城室内空气污染水平与特征

为了解家具城室内空气污染状况,于2009年夏采样测定了北京市某家具城多个展区空气中苯系物(苯、甲苯、二甲苯)、总挥发性有机物(TVOC)、甲醛等羰基化合物的浓度.家具城室内空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯和TVOC的总体浓度(均值±标准差)分别为:(0.37±0.08)、(0.04±0.03)、(0.19±0.16)、(0.47±0.57)和(2.76±2.18)mg/m3;甲醛、二甲苯、TVOC的室内浓度分别为室外浓度的22、46和34倍.甲醛、二甲苯、TVOC的平均浓度均超过《室内空气质量标准》所规定的标准值,甲醛、TVOC最高浓度分别是标准值的5.1倍和14.8倍.家具城内羰基化合物总浓度为(689.3±94.8)μg/m3,超过室外浓度5倍,其中甲醛和乙醛的浓度最高,二者浓度之和占羰基化合物总浓度的75%以上;丙酮、4碳羰基化合物(异丁烯醛、甲乙酮、正丁醛)和己醛的浓度也较高.总之,家具城存在严重的室内空气污染.     

Effects of different mixing ratios on emissions from passenger cars fueled with methanol/gasoline blends

The effects of different mixing ratios of methanol/gasoline blends and new three-way catalytic converter on regulated and unregulated emissions, especially VOC and carbonyl compound emissions were investigated.     

Performance tests of newly developed adsorption/plasma combined system for decomposition of volatile organic compounds under continuous flow condition

The adsorption/plasma decomposition with the combination of adsorption honeycomb-sheets and a plasma element is a new technology for small-sized apparatuses to decompose volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at concentrations lower than about 100 ppm. The feasibility of the prototype adsorption/plasma decomposition apparatus was evaluated with the simulated exhausts containing one VOC component and with real exhausts from a painting booth and an adhesion factory. The apparatus decomposed VOCs e ectively at the painting booth exhaust but not always satisfactorily at the adhesion factory exhaust. The performance test results with real exhausts were discussed with respect to the concentration and discharge pattern of the exhausts and the basic properties of the system such as cooperation of adsorption and plasma reaction and the concentration dependence of the performance.     

Tyrosinase-modified carbon felt-based flow-biosensors: The role of ultra-sonication in shortening the enzyme immobilization time and improving the sensitivity for p-chlorophenol

Tyrosinase (TYR) was covalently immobilized onto amino-functionalized carbon felt surface via glutaraldehyde-coupling under ultrasonic treatment for 10 min. The resulting TYR-immobilized carbon felt was used as a working electrode unit of bioelectrocatalytic flow-through detector for TYR substrates (catechol, p-chlorophenol (p-CP), p-cresol, phenol etc.). Cathodic peak currents based on the electroreduction of enzymatically produced o-quinones were detected at –50 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. Compared with previous work in which TYR was immobilized onto amino-functionalized carbon felt for 16 hr without the ultrasonic treatment, we succeeded in (1) shortening the enzyme immobilization time from 16 hr to 10 min, (2) enhancing the sensitivity of p-CP, and (3) improving the operational stability of p-CP. The ultrasonic treatment during the TYR immobilization step would lead to certain changes in the structure of the immobilized TYR and the morphology of the immobilized TYR-layer on the carbon felt surface.     

吹扫捕集-GC/MS联用法测定饮用水源水中48种VOCs

采用程序升温吹扫捕集——气相色谱质谱联用法测定饮用水源水中48种挥发性有机物VOCs,得到各VOCs水样平均加标回收率为94%～97%,相对标准偏差为0.10%～4.7%,方法具有较好的准确度,精密度和低检出限。并且结果表明,目标VOCs在0.02μg/ml～0.5μg/ml浓度范围内有较好的线性关系,线性相关系数R2>0.99。该方法步骤少,操作简便、选择余地大,综合考虑分析速度、成本等因素,能保证数据质量,方法易于推广,应用范围广。     

厦门同安湾养殖海域有机锡化合物的污染历史及其来源分析

通过对厦门同安湾养殖海域沉积物柱样（柱深180 cm）中6种不同形态有机锡化合物（丁基锡和苯基锡）的GC-FPD定量分析测定,并结合210Pb同位素定年,追溯了该地区近几十年来有机锡污染的沉积历史（1931～2007年）.研究表明,该海域从20世纪50年代（0～80 cm段）开始出现有机锡化合物污染,总有机锡化合物的含...